A mapping is the librarian's inventory card: for each field, they decide whether to store the value as is (a label, keyword) or to split it into words to fill the alphabetical index at the back of the room (text). When you drop off a book without a card, they improvise: "this looks like a date, this looks like a number, this looks like text". It often works, and you pay for it later: once the card is written, the type of a field is never changed again. The analyzer is the splitting rule for the alphabetical index: in French, it removes "les" and "en", and it brings "déployés" and "déployer" back to the same root, deploy. That is why your search finds the course even though you did not type the exact word.
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